Diagnosing Type II Diabetes: The USPSTF recommends screening for Diabetes Type II at age 35. Diabetes Type II can be diagnosed by any one of the following:

• HbA1c greater than 6.5.
• Fasting blood glucose greater than 126.
• Random blood glucose greater than 200 with symptoms (excessive thirst, weight loss).
• 2-hour blood glucose level over 200 during an oral glucose tolerance test.

What does “pre-diabetes” mean?

Fasting blood glucose 100-125 or HbA1c 7-6.4. How do you treat it? Lifestyle changes (weight loss, exercise) can reduce progression to Type II Diabetes.

Complications of diabetes type 2: 

• Retinopathy: may present as blurred vision, make sure you schedule a yearly eye exam.
• Increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
• Increased risk of infection.
• Nephropathy: protein in the urine may be the first sign of kidney disease.
• Neuropathy: numbness and tingling that commonly affects feet and hands in a “stocking-glove distribution.” Recommend a yearly podiatry exam.